Product DescriptionThis soup-to-nuts collection of recipes covers everything you need to know to perform your job as a Linux network administrator, whether you’re new to the job or have years of experience. With Linux Networking Cookbook, you’ll dive straight into the gnarly hands-on work of building and maintaining a computer network.Running a network doesn’t mean you have all the answers. Networking is a complex subject with reams of reference material that’s difficult to keep strai… More >> Linux Networking Cookbook
Posts Tagged ‘Networking’
Virtual Private Networking: New Issues for Network Security
Product DescriptionVPNs have proven popular due to their operational efficiencies and savings while retaining the base-line security associated with a private network. They allow a trusted network to communicate with another trusted network over untrusted/public networks, like the Internet. Unlike other VPN books, this ISACF research was conducted and written solely from the perspective of the security, control and assurance professional. The deliverable focuses on functionality rathe… More >> Virtual Private Networking: New Issues for Network Security
Everything that you need to Know about Cloud Networking
Cloud networking is a technology that has instilled simplicity in the management of computing services while inducing cost savings. Though, networking here sums up two computing branches- resource and access networking. The term Network refers to the connection of IT elements that form data centers and then provides access to others to utilize the data and application existing in the data centers. In this form of networking, the applications, systems and data is managed in a cloud like virtual atmosphere. The cloud consists of dedicated or shared servers where one or many users can connect to take advantage of hosted services over the Internet respectively. Amazon Apps, Google Apps and Microsoft are one of the most popular and recognized cloud services providers. You can see many facilities and cloud hosting services being initiated by Google such as web hosting, e-mail hosting, document management comprising sharing, editing and writing to name a few. You can also see that MS Word and Outlook powered by Microsoft now has online storage also and completely accessible over Internet. Similarly, if you dig down deeper you can find companies such as Rackspace and Fujitsu hosting services for businesses interested in taking private cloud space. Most of the businesses prefer to take private web hosting services as they are concerned about the agility, scalability, security and performance issues that can come up along when they are sharing the same bandwidth, processing speed and storage space with their likes. Now, with the development of application and system suite, the issues have become baseless. Cloud networking has touched new levels of security and functionality with the advent of managed cloud services. As it is something new and recently developed, very few hosting providers are offering them. Businesses can choose to outsource hosting services as Infrastructure, platform and software. Companies do not have to pay flat for the services. Instead, they are paying as per the data usage. Jag Jenny shares his knowledge on Cloud Computing Solutions, Cloud Hosting that makes you able to find the plans that best fits your needs. If you want to know more on Cloud Computing Solutions, Cloud Hosting ? visit – cloud hosting services and Cloud networking
What is VDI networking? A Must Read
The abbreviation VDI stands for virtual desktop infrastructure. A facility called the datacenter is used to keep computer systems and the components associated with it, such as any storage or telecommunication system. It includes power supplies which can be used as back ups. Other than that, it also includes environmental controls dealing with suppression of fire and many more security devices. Now these VDI networking intends to propel this data centre in future. This does not promise a smooth process. But still VDI technology has its own advantages. Many users believe that VDI adds a completely new dimension to the patterns of traffic involved in data center. This networking can be helpful for medium sized enterprises as well. The optimization technology that it employs is quite advanced. It can send the desktop images and its associated data to the appropriate places within a short span of time. You can effectively work with this by applying the concepts of layering. Layering involves the separation of various things like the operating systems, data environments and applications, so that they can independently be processed. By doing this you can prevent their accompanying the desktop images across any network. Privately funded companies like Pano logic work on the development of VDI. The system’s “zero client” (a group of components which does not have the ability of programming intelligence) VDI technology solutions are built with the purpose of consolidating Windows desktop support into the previously discussed data center. VDI is believed to have the ability of reducing carbon emission, thus should be used by schools, universities and organization as a step to boost green IT. All the active departments should use this technology in order to save power, and time and as a result reduce pollution. By reducing the number of desktops used in any institution the savings generated in the field of education will be huge. Use of VDI can be a long term investment. The hardware resources can be managed and utilized better. Thus not only private sectors but also government of any country can go for it to prevent an economic crisis in future. For working after the scheduled working hours VDI is quite appropriate. Heterogeneous environments are certain things which raise its ugly head despite of the best intentions on the part of management. Thus only employing one VDI platform becomes quite difficult. So perhaps adopting a management system which can fit in multiple platforms can be a good idea. VDI networking is very useful and latest. This technology is very good at handling work pressure. Since it stresses over network infrastructure, thus individual duress is something that can be removed to quite a large extent. This is quite valuable; do not let it go waste. To get further information on Virtual Desktop Integration, visit our web site at http://VDINetworkSolutions.com
Using Voice over IP PBX systems for business networking
The voice over internet telephony makes used of the packets of data to be sent on the internet wires. This data could be in the format of the text, images or photos or even the videos. The Voice over IP solutions are sought by companies who are looking for reduction of their telephone bills. The VOIP technology has undergone considerable change to provide real time telephonic and video communication between two people. Ever since it was first initiated, it was known that this would have immense usefulness in future, for the common person as well as for the organizations. The development of the required infrastructure, like the laying of broadband cables, and the sorting out of the quality issues in the audio-visual telecommunication provided a great impetus to its off-take. Whether you are at your home and wish to speak to a relative or you are a business requiring communicating at a distant place to some other person, you can use the Voice over IP services to not only speak to but also be able to see videos while speaking. The intra-organizational telephone business requirements are met by taking the PBX systems and installing the same at the business premises. However, if the business is spread out in different locations, there is a need to get the Voice over IP PBX system installed. This system is a perfect fit for situations where a business is spread out in multiple locations and these locations are connected via the local area network (LAN) and the Wide Area Network (WAN). These telephone business phone systems are provide seamless internal telephonic communications. With these, you can have the extension to extension dialling done virtually free of cost. An existing PBX office phone system can be converted into the IP based one by addition of a few hardware and a few software upgrades. When these modern office phone systems are used with the customer relationship management software, you can actually dial using the name of the person, rather than dialling the numbers. For the sales persons who are always on the move, going from one place to another, they can use the virtual private network (VPN) to connect on the company’s network. So, he or she does not have to use the hotels telephone and run huge telephone bills. He or she can use the laptop to function as a soft phone. A headset might be required along with it. Another way of using the Voice over IP for the salesperson is to have the VoIP facility it in the cell phone. If there is a need to get into a conference, voice or video, with the people from different locations, these systems can be used for the same. The same has also led to major savings of the fuel costs. Voice over IP office phone can be used on the computer system, on the mobile phone and also using the normal telephone instruments along with the computer systems. The different functions enable you to make easy connectivity and reduce the bills Smallbusinessphonesystem is a famous author who writes about
Introduction To IP Addressing And Networking
Networks and networking have grown exponentially over the last 15years; they have evolved at light speed just to keep up with huge increases in basic critical user needs such as sharing data and printers, as well as more advanced demands such as video conferencing. TYPES OF NETWORKS LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) A LAN (Local Area Network) is a group of computers and network devices connected together, usually within the same building. A Local Area Network (LAN) is a high-speed communication system designed to link computers and other data processing devices together within a small geographical area, such as a workgroup, department, or building. Local Area Networks implement shared access technology. This means that all the devices attached to the LAN share a single communications medium, usually a coaxial, twisted pair or fibre optic cable. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN) Metropolitan area networks or MANs are large computer networks usually spanning a city or a town. They typically use wireless infrastructure or optical fibre connections to link their sites. The IEEE 802-2001 standard describes a MAN as being: “A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than is a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities. MANs can also depend on communications channels of moderate to high data rates. A MAN might be owned and operated by a single organization, but it usually will be used by many individuals and organizations. MANs might also be owned and operated as public utilities. They will often provide means for internetworking of local networks. Metropolitan area networks can span up to 50km.” WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a broad area. A WAN in compares to a MAN, is not restricted to a geographical location, although it might be restricted to a geographical locations, it might also be confined within the bounds of a state or country. A WAN connects several LANs, and may be limited to an enterprise (a corporation or organization) or accessible to the public. The technology is high speed and relatively expensive. The INTERNET is an example of a worldwide public WAN. NETWORKING DEVICES ROUTERS Routers are used to connect networks together and route packets of data from one network to another. Routers, by default break up a broadcast domain, which is the set of all devices on a network segment that hear all broadcasts sent on that segment. Routers also break up collision domains. This is an Ethernet term used to describe a network scenario where one particular device sends a packet on a network segment, forcing every other device on that segment to pay attention to it. At the same time, a different device tries to transmit, leading to a collision, after which both devices must retransmit one at a time. Routers run on the layer 3 of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) reference model. SWITCHES Switches are used for network segmentation based on the MAC addresses. Switches look at the incoming frame’s hardware addresses before deciding to either forward the frame or drop it. Switches break up collision domains but the hosts on the switch are still members of one big broadcast domain. HUB A hub is really a multiple port repeater. A repeater receives a digital signal and re-amplifies or regenerates that signal, and then forwards the digital signal out all active ports without looking at any data. An active hub does the same thing. This means all devices plugged into a hub are in the same collision domain as well as in the same broadcast domain, which means that devices share the same bandwidth. Hubs operate at the physical layer of the OSI model. IP ADDRESSING An IP address is a numeric identifier assigned to each machine on an IP network. It designates the specific location of a device on the network. An IP address is a software address and designed to allow host on one network to communicate with a host on a different network regardless of the type of LANs the hosts are participating in. IP TERMINOLOGIES Bit: A bit is one digit, either a 1 or a 0. Byte: A byte is 7 or 8 bits, depending on whether parity is used. Octet: An octet, made up of 8 bits is just an ordinary 8 bit binary number. In most cases byte and octet are completely interchangeable. Network address: This is the designation used in routing to send packets to a remote network. For example 10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0, and 192.168.10.0 are network addresses. Broadcast address: The address used by applications and hosts to send information to all nodes on a network is called the broadcast address. Examples include 255.255.255.255 which is all networks, all nodes; 172.16.255.255, which is all subnets and hosts on network 172.16.0.0. HEIRARCHICAL IP ADDRESSING SCHEME An IP address consists of 32 bits of information (IPV4). IPV6, a new version of IP consists of 128 bits of information. The 32 bits IP is divided into four sections referred to as octet or bytes each containing 1 byte (8bits). An IP address is depicted using any of these 3 methods. Dotted decimal, as in 172.16.30.56 Binary, as in 10101100.00010000.00011110.00111000 Hexadecimal, as in AC.10.1E.38 All this examples represent the same IP address. But the most commonly used is the dotted decimal. The Windows Registry stores a machine’s IP address in hex. The 32 bit IP address is a structured or hierarchical address, as opposed to a flat non hierarchical address. Although either type of addressing scheme could have been used, hierarchical addressing was chosen for a good reason. The advantage of this scheme is that it can handle a large number of addresses, namely 4.3 billion (a 32 bit address space with two possible values for each position that is either 1 or 0 gives 237, or 4,294,967,296). The disadvantage of the flat addressing scheme relates to routing. If every address were unique, all routers on the internet would need to store the address of each and every machine on the internet. This would make efficient routing impossible. NETWORK ADDRESS RANGE The network address uniquely identifies each network. Every machine on the same network shares that network address as part of its IP address. In the IP address of 172.16.30.56, 172.16 is the network address. The node address is assigned to and uniquely identifies each machine on a network. This number can also be referred to as host address. In 172.16.30.56, 30.56 is the node address. Class A network is used when a small number of networks possessing a very large number of nodes are needed. Class C network is used when numerous networks with a small number of node is needed. CLASS A ADDRESSES The first bit of the first byte in a class A network address must always be off or 0. This means a class A address must be between 0 and 127, inclusive. 0xxxxxxx.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh If we turn the other 7 bits all off and then turn them all on, we’ll find the class A range of network addresses. 00000000 = 0 01111111 = 127 Class A format is network.node.node.node, so for example in the IP address 49.22.102.70, the 49 is the network address and 22.102.70 is the node address. Every machine on this particular network would have the distinctive network address of 49. CLASS B ADDRESSES The first bit of the first byte must always be turned on, but the second bit must always be turned off. 01xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh If we can turn the first bit on and the second bit off and if the other 6 bits all off and then all on, we’ll find the class B range of network addresses. 10000000 = 128 10111111 = 191 Class B format is network.network.node.node, so far in the IP address 132.163.40.57, the 132.163 is the network address and 40.57 is the node address. CLASS C ADDRESSES The first and second bit of the first byte must always be turned on, but the third bit can never be on. 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.hhhhhhhh If we turn the first and second bit on and the third bit off and then all other 5 bits all off and all on, we’ll find the class C range of network address. 11000000 = 192 11011111 = 223 Class C format is network.network.network.node, for example in the IP address 195.166.231.75, the 195.166.231 is the network address and 75 is the node address. CLASS D AND CLASS E ADDRESSES The address between 224 and 255 are reserved for class D and E networks. Class D (224-239) is used for multicast addresses and class E (240-255) for scientific purposes. PRIVATE IP ADDRESSES Private IP addresses are those that can be used on a private network, but they’re not routable through the internet. This is designed for the purpose of creating a measure of well-needed security, but it also conveniently saves valuable IP address space. If every host on every network had to have real routable IP addresses, we would have run out of IP addresses to hand out [...]
XO Communications: Leading Networking Solutions Provider
XO Communications is really a telecommunications company that provides voice, data plus Internet protocol [Internet Protocol] services to small and medium-sized businesses, massive enterprises, cable companies, content providers, telecommunications companies and wireless service providers in more than 75 key metropolitan markets across the United States. Owned or operated by XO Holdings, Inc. (XOHO), XO is a facilities-based backbone service provider in the usa which operates a nationwide multi-10 Gigabit transit-free network (often advertised as a Tier 1 network) and owns significant fiber optic network assets, which include an 18,000 route-mile inter-city network and more than 9,000 route-miles within 40 main metropolitan markets. XO at present bears greater than 15 billion minutes of Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) traffic throughout its network annually. Its [XO's] services are concentrated entirely on businesses, government, domestic and international telecommunications carriers, cable companies, content providers and mobile wireless companies. XO Communications presents consumers the appropriate network, the best solutions and an unique focus on dispensing the top customer experience.Its 3 primary business units are “XO® Business Services” which gives superior VoIP, Internet, maintained network, and hosted IT solutions for small and medium-sized businesses, enterprises and government agencies while “XO® Carrier Services” presents high-bandwidth IP and inter-city network transport services for domestic and international carriers, providers, cable companies and mobile wireless companies. Another is “XO® Small Business Services” that provides a selection of Software-as-a-Service applications to help promising companies manage and increase their businesses. These types of services contain hosted email and messaging, internet site and applications hosting, domain management, and professional services relevant to these types of services.Additionally, the company offers a broad range of services to businesses and its wholesale consumers such Local and Long Distance Voice services; Committed Internet Access services; MPLS IP-VPN; VPLS; IP PBX; SIP; SIP trunking; Ethernet; Voice over internet protocol; Private Line services; Wavelength services; Internet protocol Transit; VoIP Origination; VoIP Termination; Colocation services; Managed Services (hardware, voice and data packages); Wireless Ethernet and Private Line Access; Web Hosting; Web Development; and Web Design. Furthermore, XO Communications works a nationwide multi-terabit network which delivers industry-leading IP and network solutions at the speediest speeds now available. It has built state-of-the-art network from the ground up with the industry’s sophisticated Internet protocol and optical technology available. Its incomparable network assets consist of nationwide IP and transport networks, metro networks, broadband wireless access and connectivity to global service locations for door-to-door delivery of customer traffic nationwide and around the globe. A few of the company’s network assets are 1) approximately one million miles of metro fiber, 2) 19,000-route mile nationwide inter-city fiber network, 3) almost 1,000 main office collocations, 4) more than 3,000 fiber-fed buildings on-net, 5) a lot more than 50 collocation facilities across the country, 6) entirely peered Tier 1 IP network using more than one hundred private and public peering relationships, 7) 28-31 Ghz broadband wireless spectrum in 75 markets, and a lot more than 20 billion Voice over internet protocol minutes each year. Author is an AT&T master solution provider who specializes in helping customers make the most out of their communication and network needs. He works tirelessly to provide powerful, efficient and cost effective solutions, such as <a href =”http://www.dmsstl.com/”>XO Communications</a> and <a href =”http://www.dmsstl.com/index.php?page=att-frame-relay-service”>frame relay wan</a>, to address clients’ communications needs.



Posted in
Tags: